Syllabus

UNIT-I

Reciprocating Air Compressors: Uses of compressed air, Classification of compressors-single stage and multistage compressors, Derivation of work done with and without clearance volume, Work done of multistage compressors-effect of clearance volume on work done -Inter-cooling and After-cooling

UNIT-II

Internal Combustion Engines : Classification, working principle, Deviation of actual cycles from air standard cycles, Index of compression and expansion for variable specific heats, Battery and Magneto ignition systems, Multipoint fuel injection system, Lubrication systems, Cooling systems, Carburetors-Simple and Zenith carburetors-Valve and Port-timing diagrams. Performance of I.C. engines-Determination of Indicated power, brake power, frictional power, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, relative efficiency, and volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption based on brake power and indicated power, Heat balance sheet.

UNIT-III

Combustion in I.C. Engines: Combustion phenomena in spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines-Premixed and diffusion flames, Mechanics of propagation, Self-ignition process, Limits of self-ignition. Fuel requirements and fuel rating- Anti-knock additives like TEL etc., merits and demerits. Effect of engine variables- Stages of combustion - Delay period, Period of uncontrolled combustion, Period of controlled combustion, Afterburning. Types of combustion chambers in spark ignition and compression ignition engines-Air pollution from 1C engines- Effects and control of exhaust from engines.

UNIT-IV

Steam Boilers: Classification of boilers-Fire tube boilers- Cochran boiler, Locomotive boiler, Water tube boilers-Babcock and Wilcox boiler, super critical boilers-Benson, Fluidized bed combustion boilers, Boiler mountings and accessories. Boiler performance and boiler draught-Chimney design, Types of condensers Jet and Surface condensers, introduction to cooling towers.

UNIT-V

Steam power plant: Working Carnot and Rankine cycles, cycle analysis, Modified Rankin cycle, Cycle efficiency improvement methods, Reheating, Regeneration and Cogeneration.

 Steam nozzles: Types of nozzles, Nozzle efficiency, Velocity of steam flowing through the nozzle. Mass of steam discharged from the nozzle, Condition for maximum discharge, Critical pressure ratio. Diameters of nozzle throat and exit for maximum discharge.